Incidence of Education and Health Services on Different Income Classes in Pakistan

Abstract

This study investigates the incidence of education and health 
services on different income groups in Pakistan using HIES 
data set 2001-02. This study uses Kienzle (1981) index to 
measure the incidence of such services for overall Pakistan, its 
rural-urban segments and four provinces of Pakistan. The 
findings of the study indicate that both services are pro-poor. It 
implies that the lower income classes enjoy the benefits which 
can hopefully improve the relative income positions of the 
beneficiaries. This study further confirms the previous results 
by estimating Gini index of gross income and after adding both 
the services. The results are bootstrapped in order to build 
confidence interval for the estimated indices as the point 
estimates are not reliable for policy prescriptions.